{"id":85225,"date":"2025-07-20T06:54:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-20T06:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tagepedia-edu.com\/?page_id=85225"},"modified":"2025-12-10T14:44:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T14:44:56","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%81\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (TAG.Global)<\/p>\n

talalabughazaleh.com tag.global<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a 22 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1938. \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (TAG.Global) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

&nbsp \u061b<\/p>\n

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\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u060c \u062c\u0631\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (2016).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (2015).
\n\u25aa \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 (2014).
\n\u25aa \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u060c Canisius College, \u0628\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1988).
\n\u25aa \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 (1960). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
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\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2016).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2010-2011). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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\n

\u25aa \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2016).
\n\u25aa \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643
\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (2016).
\n\u25aa \u062c\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 ‘Chevalier de la \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (1985).
\n\u25aa \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 (1985).
\n\u25aa \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646
\n\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1967). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
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\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c (2015).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c (2015).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 CEO4Green \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2015).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 (2015).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a, \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 (2015).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (JOrchestra) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2014).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2013).
\n\u25aa \u05ba\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2013).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (TAG-UCB) \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (TAGI-UNI) \u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629, (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u060c (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2011 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 &nbsp \u061b &nbsp \u061b &nbsp \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 &nbsp \u061b &nbsp \u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u00a0\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 (2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (EPDF) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2011 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (ASREN), \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (2010 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (GAID) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2009 – 2010).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648-\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629-\u0645\u0635\u0631 (2009).
\n\u25aa \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2008).
\n\u25aa \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2008).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2006-2008).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (AROQA) \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 (2007 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2007-2008).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (TAG-SB) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2006 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2006).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 (2006-2009).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627) (2006-2009).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a
\n(\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633) \u060c \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ICC) \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2006-2008).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2005 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2005-2007).
\n\u25aa \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 (UN ICT TF) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2004-2006).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629
\n(\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 ICTTF), \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2003-2004).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ICC TF) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2003-2004).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (AIPMAS) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2003 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ICC) \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2001-2008).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a
\n\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 (UN ICT TF) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2001-2004).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a
\n(HRCB) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (UN ICT TF), \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 (2001-2002).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2001).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (LES-AC) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1998-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627
\n(1995-1998).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1995-1997).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1995).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629
\n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a (ISAR) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1995-1996).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 (1995-1998).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629
\n\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c
\n\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IASC) (1989-1992).
\n\u25aa \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1989-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646
\n\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (1989-1992).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629), \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (1987); \u0641\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0648).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (IASCA), \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1985-\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) \u061b
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (ECOSOC).
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n


\n\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (GTCI) \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a (UNSIF-HLAB), (2017)
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (2017).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (UNWTO) \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 (2016).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (GTCI) \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2014).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (2014).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2014).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2014).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a Commissionto Enhancethe \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2013 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (CARLAC) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (2013).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 (2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (2011 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2010-2011).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c E-\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2009).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648-\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 (2008).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ICC) \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2006-2009).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 (2007 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ICC) \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2007).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2006-2008).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 (2005-2009).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2005 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2005).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2004-2005).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2003-2004).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 (IFAC) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2003 – 2006).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2003-2006).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 (NMC) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2003 – 2005).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2002 – 2005).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0648) \u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 (1999-2000).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a &\u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (CSIS) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1995-1997).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1992).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IASC) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1988-1990).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (1988-\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646).
\n\u25aa \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1987-1990).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646, \u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1985-1988).
\n\u25aa \u05ba\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 (1980-1982). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n


\n\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a TAG.Global
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a (1978-1983).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (ASREN).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (AROQA).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (TAG-SB).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (TAG-UCB).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (TAGI-UNI).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645.\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 (\u062a\u0627\u062c-\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aa \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c TAGITOP \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645.\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a TAGSB.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (TAGEPEDIA).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a Canisius College.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0649” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629..<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 | www.agip-news.com<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u00a0| www.tagitnews.com<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 | www.tageducanews.com<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aa\u00a0\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 2nd edition (2013).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 2nd edition (2013).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a (2012).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 (2012).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 (2012).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 1st edition (2008).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 &\u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 (2001).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 1st edition (2000).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a-\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 1st edition (1978).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645.\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627).<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 “\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0647\u0640-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 graduatesacross \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u25aa “\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645.\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n


\n\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u25aa \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a Palais, \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (2016).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (JOrchestra) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632
\n\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 Makdisi \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a (AUB) \u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 (2006).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f Gholmieh \u0633\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a (2006).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a Yassa \u0648 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2004).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a l’association pour le Rayonnement de l’op\u00e9ra de lyon \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 (AROP) (2004 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 (NMC) \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2003-2005).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (LNSO) ( 2003 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a l’op\u00e9ra de Paris (2001 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 Mozarteum \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 (2000).
\n\u25aa 28 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1999).
\n\u25aa \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644, \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1997).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a Yassa, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1994).
\n\u25aa \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a Freunde der Salzburger Festsp\u00e2ele (1976). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n


\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u25aa \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 (2013).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (2012).
\n\u25aa \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (2012).
\n\u25aa \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644 (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (\u0625\u0630\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (2009).
\n\u25aa \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (LESI) \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a (2007).
\n\u25aa \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 (2006).
\n\u25aa “\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a” (2006).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IFRS) \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a) (2006-2008-2011).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0648) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (2005).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2005).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (2005).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (2004).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629” (2003-2013).
\n\u25aa \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a (2001-2013).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645” (2001-2013).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a” (2001).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 “\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629” (2000).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629” (1st edition 1999, 2nd edition 2000, 3rd edition 2001).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a” (1999).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u00a0“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a (1999).
\n\u25aa \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 (1998).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629” (1st edition 1998, 2nd edition
\n2001, 3rd edition 2002).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a” (1st \u00a0\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 1998, 2nd edition 2000).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 (1983). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n


\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u25aa \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 2016, \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a (\u0639\u0627\u0645 2016).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629
\n\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639
\n\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (2016).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633
\n\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 (2016).
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629
\n\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2014).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (2013).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a (2012).
\n\u25aa \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2012).
\n\u25aa \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (AFPIPR),
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629, (2009).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (2008).
\n\u25aa IP \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (2007).
\n\u25aa \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629” \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631 (2004).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629-\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (1978).
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n


\n\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631
\n<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2017)
\n\u25aa \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629” (2014).
\n\u25aa \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 500 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (2012).
\n\u25aa \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2011).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2010).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 (2005).
\n\u25aa \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1997).
\n\u25aa \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1988-1990).
\n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (1985). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \n

    \u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644
    \n\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u060c
    \n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (2016).
    \n\u25aa \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2016).
    \n\u25aa \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (TAG.Global) talalabughazaleh.com tag.global \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a 22 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1938. \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (TAG.Global) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19279,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-85225","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85225"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95703,"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85225\/revisions\/95703"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tpew2023.demo.tagiti.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}